Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

19. Enzymes

Enzyme Classification

GOB Chemistry

19. Enzymes

Enzyme Classification

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4:30 minutes

Problem 34a

Textbook Question

What is the name of the class of enzymes that would catalyze each of the following reactions?
a. addition of water to a double bond

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the reaction: The addition of water to a double bond is a type of chemical reaction where a molecule of water (H₂O) is added across the double bond of an organic compound, typically resulting in the formation of an alcohol.

Recall the enzyme classification system: Enzymes are categorized into six major classes based on the type of reaction they catalyze. These classes include oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.

Identify the relevant enzyme class: The addition of water to a double bond is typically catalyzed by enzymes known as 'hydrolases' or 'lyases,' depending on the specific mechanism. Hydrolases catalyze reactions involving water, while lyases often add or remove groups to form double bonds.

Focus on hydration reactions: Specifically, enzymes called 'hydratases' (a subclass of lyases) are responsible for catalyzing the addition of water to a double bond. These enzymes facilitate the hydration process without breaking the molecule into smaller fragments.

Conclude the enzyme class: Based on the reaction described, the class of enzymes that catalyze the addition of water to a double bond is 'lyases,' and more specifically, 'hydratases.'

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrolases

Hydrolases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of various bonds, including the addition of water to a double bond. This reaction typically involves breaking a chemical bond by the addition of water, resulting in the formation of two products. In the context of the question, hydrolases facilitate the conversion of alkenes into alcohols through this mechanism.

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme catalysis refers to the process by which enzymes accelerate chemical reactions. Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, allowing it to proceed more quickly and efficiently. This is crucial in biological systems, where many reactions would occur too slowly without the action of enzymes.

Substrate Specificity

Substrate specificity is the ability of an enzyme to selectively catalyze a reaction for a particular substrate or group of substrates. This specificity is determined by the enzyme's active site, which has a unique shape and chemical environment that fits only certain molecules. Understanding substrate specificity is essential for predicting the reactions that a given enzyme can catalyze.

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