Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of angiogenesis in cancerous tumors?

Accepted Answer

The process by which tumors stimulate the growth of new blood vessels to supply nutrients

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that is composed of immature fibroblasts and rapidly metastasizes via the circulatory system. Which type of cancer is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoma

Question 3

Which laboratory test is most appropriate for detecting the presence of prostate cancer and monitoring its progression?

Accepted Answer

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Question 4

A cytology test reveals the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in a lymph node biopsy. This finding is most indicative of which cancer?

Accepted Answer

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells that distinguishes them from normal cells?

Accepted Answer

They are undifferentiated and lack specialized function.

Question 6

A patient with a family history of breast and ovarian cancer undergoes genetic testing. Which test is most appropriate to assess inherited risk?

Accepted Answer

BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene test

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of suppressor genes in normal cell division?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit mitosis and prevent uncontrolled cell division.

Question 8

A 7-year-old child is diagnosed with a tumor in the kidney composed of embryonal cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

Question 9

Which of the following procedures is used to remove a small, cylindrical tissue specimen from a tumor using special forceps?

Accepted Answer

Punch biopsy

Question 10

A patient is treated with a chemotherapy drug that inhibits the growth of new blood vessels to a tumor. What is the mechanism of this drug?

Accepted Answer

Angiogenesis inhibitor

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the TNM staging system for cancer?

Accepted Answer

It classifies cancer based on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis.

Question 12

A patient with a history of leukemia undergoes a procedure in which bone marrow is harvested from a matched donor and transplanted after chemotherapy. What is this procedure called?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow transplantation

Question 13

Which of the following is a warning sign of cancer that should prompt further investigation?

Accepted Answer

A sore that does not heal

Question 14

A cytology test is performed during surgery by freezing a tissue specimen and examining thin slices under a microscope. What is this procedure called?

Accepted Answer

Frozen section

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the p53 gene in cancer development?

Accepted Answer

It repairs DNA damage; if mutated, cells lose the ability to repair themselves.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a cancer of the epithelial cells lining the urinary tract. What is the most likely type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?

Accepted Answer

Malignant neoplasms invade surrounding tissues and can metastasize.

Question 18

A patient with breast cancer is found to have increased numbers of estrogen receptors on the tumor cells. What does this indicate about the tumor?

Accepted Answer

It is ER-positive and may respond to hormonal therapy.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of an antimetabolite chemotherapy drug?

Accepted Answer

It takes the place of a metabolite needed for DNA synthesis or blocks its production.

Question 20

A patient is scheduled for a procedure in which a radioactive isotope implant will be placed near a tumor to deliver localized radiation. What is this therapy called?

Accepted Answer

Brachytherapy

Oncology: Medical Terminology and Cancer Fundamentals

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