Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a primary and a secondary adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

The secondary response is faster and stronger due to the presence of memory cells.

Question 2

A patient receives an injection of antibodies after being bitten by a venomous snake. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which immunoglobulin class is most effective at agglutinating pathogens and is the first antibody produced during a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 4

A child is born with a deficiency in MHC class II molecules. Which immune process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Activation of B cells by T helper cells

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the Fc region of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

Binding to complement proteins and immune cells

Question 6

A laboratory test detects high levels of IgM but low levels of IgG in a patient's serum. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

The patient is in the early stages of a primary infection.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why haptens alone do not elicit an immune response?

Accepted Answer

They are too small to be recognized by the immune system unless attached to a carrier molecule.

Question 8

Which antibody class is most abundant in mucosal secretions and provides protection against pathogens at mucosal surfaces?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 9

A patient with an autoimmune disease is found to have excessive production of TNF (tumor necrosis factor). What is a likely consequence of this overproduction?

Accepted Answer

Chronic inflammation and tissue damage

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in B cells?

Accepted Answer

Only B cells with receptors specific to an antigen are activated and proliferate.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the activation of a T-dependent B cell?

Accepted Answer

Antigen binds B cell receptor → Antigen processed and presented on MHC II → T helper cell confirms activation → B cell proliferates

Question 12

Which of the following is a unique feature of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs, CD8+)?

Accepted Answer

They induce apoptosis in infected self-cells by releasing perforin and enzymes.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why IgE is important in allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

IgE binds to mast cells and basophils, causing the release of histamine upon antigen binding.

Question 14

A patient is infected with a parasite too large to be phagocytosed. Which immune mechanism is most likely to be involved in destroying the parasite?

Accepted Answer

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of T regulatory cells (Treg)?

Accepted Answer

Suppress T cells that react against self-antigens

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They engulf and degrade microbes, presenting antigens with MHC II to T cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains joined by disulfide bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood can donate to any other blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens, so recipient antibodies do not react with donor cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a possible consequence of a cytokine storm?

Accepted Answer

Tissue damage due to excessive immune activation

Adaptive Immunity: Mechanisms and Components

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards