Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between humans and the bacteria in the human colon, as shown in Table 14.1?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism

Question 2

A patient develops a yeast infection after taking broad-spectrum antibiotics. Which concept best explains why this occurred?

Accepted Answer

Changes in the normal microbiota

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a nonliving reservoir of infection?

Accepted Answer

A contaminated stream

Question 4

Which stage of infectious disease is characterized by the highest number of microorganisms and the most severe signs and symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Illness

Question 5

A person contracts rabies after being bitten by a dog. According to Table 14.3, what type of disease transmission is this?

Accepted Answer

Zoonosis via direct contact

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a plausible reason why transient microbiota cannot persist in the body?

Accepted Answer

They are always pathogenic

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission?

Accepted Answer

Touching a doorknob contaminated with pathogens

Question 8

Which of the following diseases has the longest possible incubation period according to Table 14.9?

Accepted Answer

Leprosy

Question 9

A person develops tuberculosis after inhaling airborne droplets. Which mode of transmission is this?

Accepted Answer

Airborne vehicle transmission

Question 10

Which of the following best describes amensalism?

Accepted Answer

One organism is harmed, the other is unaffected

Question 11

Which of the following is a biological vector for malaria, as shown in Table 14.10?

Accepted Answer

Anopheles mosquito

Question 12

Which of the following is a plausible portal of exit for the influenza virus?

Accepted Answer

Saliva and nasal secretions

Question 13

A person contracts Salmonella after eating undercooked chicken. Which mode of transmission is this?

Accepted Answer

Foodborne vehicle transmission

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the acquisition of the human microbiome?

Accepted Answer

It begins to develop during the birthing process

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical vector?

Accepted Answer

Housefly

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an opportunistic pathogen?

Accepted Answer

E. coli from the colon causes a urinary tract infection after entering the urethra

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a typical portal of exit for pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Sweat glands

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between resident and transient microbiota?

Accepted Answer

Resident microbiota persist throughout life, while transient microbiota are present for short periods

Question 19

Which of the following is a common misconception about zoonoses?

Accepted Answer

They are easy to eradicate

Question 20

A person contracts cholera after drinking contaminated water. Which equation best represents the basic reproductive number $$R_0$$ for this waterborne disease, where $$\beta is $$the transmission rate, $$S is $$the number of susceptible individuals, and $$\gamma is $$the recovery rate?

Accepted Answer

$$R_0$$ = \frac{\beta S}{\gamma}$$

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology: Core Concepts and Mechanisms

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