Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the endosymbiotic theory as it relates to the evolution of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells evolved from a series of sequential, cell-merging events between an ancient eukaryotic ancestor and certain prokaryotes, resulting in organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 2

Which feature is NOT evidence supporting the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain peptidoglycan in their membranes.

Question 3

Which of the following transport mechanisms is unique to eukaryotic cells and involves the plasma membrane folding around extracellular substances to bring them into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 4

A macrophage engulfs a bacterium, forming a vesicle that later fuses with a lysosome. What is the name of the vesicle formed immediately after engulfment, and what is the resulting structure after fusion with the lysosome?

Accepted Answer

Phagosome; phagolysosome

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between septate and aseptate hyphae in fungi?

Accepted Answer

Septate hyphae have cross-walls dividing cells, while aseptate hyphae lack these divisions and appear as a continuous chain with many nuclei.

Question 6

Which of the following fungal spores is produced by meiosis and results in genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Ascospore

Question 7

A patient with AIDS develops Pneumocystis pneumonia. This is an example of which type of fungal disease?

Accepted Answer

Opportunistic mycosis

Question 8

Which of the following statements about protozoans is correct?

Accepted Answer

Protozoans are classified based on their means of motility in their mature form.

Question 9

Which protozoan group is correctly matched with its mode of movement?

Accepted Answer

Sarcodina – pseudopodia

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic plasma membranes compared to prokaryotic plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

Presence of sterols in the phospholipid bilayer

Question 11

Which eukaryotic structures are responsible for movement and are composed of a 'nine-plus-two' arrangement of microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Cilia and flagella

Question 12

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, but mitochondria and chloroplasts contain 70S ribosomes.

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for muscle contraction and the movement of pseudopodia?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 14

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell with a large, water-filled organelle that helps regulate osmotic pressure. This organelle is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Contractile vacuole

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Carrying out photosynthesis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the kingdom Protista is sometimes described as a 'catchall' kingdom?

Accepted Answer

It includes a diverse group of eukaryotes that do not fit into the other kingdoms.

Question 17

Which of the following is a true statement about the cell walls of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Fungi, plants, and certain protists have cell walls, but they lack peptidoglycan.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and distributes proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 19

A patient presents with symptoms of ergot poisoning after consuming contaminated rye. Which fungal genus is responsible, and what is the main effect of the toxin?

Accepted Answer

Claviceps; produces a neurotoxin causing seizures and psychosis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the life cycle of spore-forming protozoans (Apicomplexa)?

Accepted Answer

Their life cycle includes merogony (asexual), gamogony (sexual), and sporogony (spore formation) phases.

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Classification

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