Question 1

Which of the following bacteria is most commonly associated with cat scratch disease in humans?

Accepted Answer

Bartonella henselae

Question 2

A patient presents with a fluctuating fever after handling unpasteurized goat cheese. Which organism is most likely responsible for this infection?

Accepted Answer

Brucella melitensis

Question 3

Which toxin produced by Bordetella pertussis is primarily responsible for inhibiting the cilia of respiratory epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Tracheal cytotoxin

Question 4

A hospital patient with cystic fibrosis develops a severe lung infection. The causative agent is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacillus known for its resistance to many antibiotics and its ability to colonize various organs. Which bacterium is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 5

Which of the following statements about Brucella is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It is a small, nonmotile, aerobic coccobacillus that causes brucellosis.

Question 6

A laboratory worker is exposed to an aerosolized bacterium from a water source and later develops pneumonia. Which organism is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Legionella pneumophila

Question 7

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Prevotella compared to Bacteroides?

Accepted Answer

Prevotella is sensitive to bile, while Bacteroides is resistant.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the transmission route of Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of infective bodies from contaminated dust

Question 9

A patient presents with abdominal pain and is found to have an anaerobic, Gram-negative bacillus as part of their normal intestinal microbiota. Which organism is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 10

Which of the following is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis?

Accepted Answer

Tularemia

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant concern in hospital settings?

Accepted Answer

It is an opportunistic pathogen with significant drug resistance.

Question 12

A patient with a history of exposure to rabbits and ticks develops a highly infectious disease that is often misdiagnosed due to its similarity to other illnesses. Which bacterium is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Francisella tularensis

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the treatment and prevention of Legionnaire’s disease?

Accepted Answer

Legionnaire’s disease is treated with fluoroquinolones or azithromycin.

Question 14

Which of the following bacteria is used by farmers to reduce fungal infection of plant crops and is also an opportunistic pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients?

Accepted Answer

Burkholderia cepacia

Question 15

A patient develops endocarditis years after a mild pneumonia-like illness. Which bacterium is most likely responsible for this chronic infection?

Accepted Answer

Coxiella burnetii

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the predominant Gram-negative anaerobic microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize vitamins and vitamin precursors.

Question 17

A patient with a wound infection is treated with metronidazole. The causative agent is most likely which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of adhesins and toxins in Bordetella pertussis pathogenesis?

Accepted Answer

They mediate attachment to epithelial cells and damage host tissues.

Question 19

A patient presents with sinus and ear infections, and the causative agent is found to be sensitive to bile. Which genus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Prevotella

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the exponential growth of a bacterial population, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital setting?

Accepted Answer

$$N_t = N_0$ e$$^{r t}$$

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli: Key Pathogens, Diseases, and Clinical Features

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