Question 1

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes viruses from bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack an ATP-generating mechanism.

Question 2

A scientist is attempting to culture a newly discovered animal virus. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for initial isolation and propagation?

Accepted Answer

Inoculating the virus into an embryonated egg.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the host range of a virus?

Accepted Answer

The spectrum of host cells a virus can infect, determined by specific attachment sites and cellular factors.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct pairing of viral family and associated disease?

Accepted Answer

Picornaviridae – Poliovirus

Question 5

A virus with a helical capsid, an envelope, and spikes is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be released from the host cell by budding.

Question 6

Which of the following steps is unique to the multiplication of animal viruses compared to bacteriophages?

Accepted Answer

Uncoating of the viral capsid by host or viral enzymes

Question 7

During the lysogenic cycle of a bacteriophage, which of the following events occurs?

Accepted Answer

The phage DNA integrates into the host chromosome and is replicated along with host DNA.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why continuous cell lines are preferred over primary cell lines for culturing viruses?

Accepted Answer

Continuous cell lines are derived from transformed (cancerous) cells and can be maintained indefinitely.

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with a persistent viral infection. Which of the following is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

The virus is continuously released over a long period, often causing progressive disease.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about prions?

Accepted Answer

Prions are infectious proteins that cause diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Question 11

A retrovirus such as HIV uses which enzyme to replicate its genome?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of specialized transduction?

Accepted Answer

Specific bacterial genes adjacent to a prophage are transferred to another bacterium via a phage.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of a DNA oncogenic virus?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causing cervical cancer

Question 14

Which of the following statements about viroids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viroids are short pieces of naked RNA that infect plants.

Question 15

A virus is classified as a member of the family Herpesviridae. What is the correct ending for the genus and family names according to viral taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

Genus: -virus, Family: -viridae

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of viral spikes?

Accepted Answer

They are projections from the outer surface used for attachment to host cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between the multiplication of DNA and RNA animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

DNA viruses replicate their genome in the nucleus, while RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm.

Question 18

Which of the following laboratory techniques is most useful for identifying a virus based on its reaction with specific antibodies?

Accepted Answer

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

Question 19

A patient presents with cold sores that recur during periods of stress. Which of the following best describes this infection?

Accepted Answer

Latent viral infection

Question 20

Which of the following best explains how plant viruses typically enter host cells?

Accepted Answer

Through wounds or damage caused by insects

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Structure, Classification, and Replication

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