Which description correctly distinguishes cortical (compact) bone from trabecular (spongy) bone?

Cortical bone consists mainly of collagen with little mineral, is spongy in appearance under low magnification and more susceptible to early bone loss compared to trabecular bone which is a compact shell surrounding marrow cavities.

Cortical bone and trabecular bone are identical in composition and function; the terms are used interchangeably in physiology texts, with no difference in susceptibility to bone loss in adults.

Cortical bone forms the dense outer shell with microscopic pores and high mineral content; trabecular bone is the inner lattice-like structure with larger spaces and greater surface area relative to volume.

Cortical bone is the porous inner scaffold that contains marrow and is more metabolically active than the dense outer layer; trabecular bone is the continuous dense outer cortex that slowly remodels over decades.