Question 1

Which of the following dietary changes is most effective in lowering LDL cholesterol and reducing cardiovascular disease risk?

Accepted Answer

Replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat

Question 2

A patient’s blood lipid panel shows: LDL = 160 mg/dL, HDL = 35 mg/dL, Triglycerides = 200 mg/dL. According to the provided table, which ratio indicates the highest risk for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

HDL to LDL ratio: $$\frac{35}{160} = 0.22$$

Question 3

Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Family history

Question 4

What is the primary mechanism by which high levels of homocysteine increase cardiovascular disease risk?

Accepted Answer

Homocysteine accelerates plaque development in arteries

Question 5

Which dietary intervention is recommended for lowering high triglyceride levels?

Accepted Answer

Increase omega-3 fatty acid intake

Question 6

Atherosclerosis is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A disease where arterial walls accumulate lipids and scar tissue, forming plaques

Question 7

Which blood lipid is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

High HDL

Question 8

According to the American Heart Association, what is the recommended daily dose of prescription omega-3 fatty acids (EPA+DHA) for reducing triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

4 g/d

Question 9

Which of the following statements about hypertension is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension increases risk for heart attack and stroke

Question 10

Which lifestyle modification is most effective in increasing HDL cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation

Question 11

A patient consumes 100g of fructose daily. What is the expected effect on their LDL cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

LDL cholesterol increases by 13 mg/dL

Question 12

Which dietary pattern is recommended for managing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

DASH diet

Question 13

Which of the following is a plausible outcome of replacing saturated fat with refined carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Increased CVD mortality

Question 14

What is the recommended intake of dietary fiber per day to reduce cardiovascular disease risk?

Accepted Answer

20-35 grams

Question 15

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Question 16

Which blood lipid value is considered optimal for HDL cholesterol in men?

Accepted Answer

HDL $$\geq 60 mg/dL$$

Question 17

Which nutrient supplementation is most effective in lowering homocysteine levels?

Accepted Answer

Folate

Question 18

Which of the following foods is highest in omega-3 fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Salmon oil

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the effect of trans fats on cardiovascular health?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol

Question 20

A patient is advised to increase their intake of MUFA and PUFA. Which foods should they prioritize?

Accepted Answer

Nuts and olive oil

Cardiovascular Disease and Nutrition: Dietary Fats, Blood Lipids, and Prevention

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