Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride molecule?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules

Question 2

A fatty acid with the structure $$\mathrm{CH_3$(CH_2$)_{14}COOH} is $$classified as which type of fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Long-chain fatty acid

Question 3

Which of the following statements about cis and trans fatty acids is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Cis fatty acids have hydrogen atoms on the same side of the double bond, while trans fatty acids have them on opposite sides.

Question 4

Which process is used to convert liquid oils into solid fats and often results in the formation of trans fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation

Question 5

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid that must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Linoleic acid

Question 6

What is the primary function of bile in lipid digestion?

Accepted Answer

Emulsifies fats to increase surface area for enzyme action

Question 7

Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting dietary triglycerides from the intestine to tissues?

Accepted Answer

Chylomicron

Question 8

A patient presents with flaky, itchy skin, delayed wound healing, and frequent infections. Which nutrient deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Essential fatty acids

Question 9

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are a major component of cell membranes and have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 10

Which dietary modification is most effective in reducing LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular disease risk, according to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Replacing saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why omega-3 fatty acids are considered 'essential'?

Accepted Answer

They cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is used to synthesize hormones such as estrogen and testosterone.

Question 13

A food label lists 'partially hydrogenated oils' as an ingredient. What does this indicate about the fat content?

Accepted Answer

The food contains trans fatty acids.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the fate of short- and medium-chain fatty acids after absorption?

Accepted Answer

They are absorbed directly into the bloodstream.

Question 15

Which of the following is a health effect associated with excessive intake of trans fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Increased LDL cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are generally liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their double bonds create kinks that prevent tight packing.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue in the body?

Accepted Answer

Insulation and protection of internal organs

Question 18

A patient is following a very low-fat diet (\u003c15% of calories from fat). Which of the following is a potential risk of this diet?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency in essential fatty acids

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of HDL in lipid transport?

Accepted Answer

It scavenges cholesterol from artery walls and returns it to the liver for disposal.

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the application of lipid digestion and absorption concepts?

Accepted Answer

After eating a meal high in fat, bile emulsifies the fat in the small intestine, pancreatic lipase breaks it down, and the resulting fatty acids are absorbed into enterocytes, reassembled into triglycerides, and transported via chylomicrons through the lymphatic system.

Chapter 5: Lipids – Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients

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