Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an epidemiological study and a controlled trial in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

An epidemiological study observes associations in populations, while a controlled trial manipulates variables to determine cause and effect.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with celiac disease. Which dietary component must be restricted to prevent symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Gluten

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein intake?

Accepted Answer

$$10\% to$$ $$35\% of $$total calories

Question 4

Which hormone is produced by the pancreas and is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 5

A food label lists the Daily Value (DV) for calcium as $$20\%$$ per serving. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

One serving provides $$20\% of $$the recommended daily intake for calcium based on a $$2,000$$ calorie diet.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

Question 7

Which of the following is a major contributor to trans fat intake in the US diet?

Accepted Answer

Partially hydrogenated oils found in processed foods

Question 8

A patient has a BMI of $$32. $$According to standard BMI classifications, how should this individual be categorized?

Accepted Answer

Obese

Question 9

Which of the following vitamins is an antioxidant and fat-soluble?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Question 10

Which metabolic pathway is upregulated during anaerobic conditions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Cori cycle

Question 11

A person wants to lose $$2$$ pounds of fat in one week. How many calories must they theoretically create as a deficit over the week?

Accepted Answer

$$7,000$$ calories

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of potassium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of leptin?

Accepted Answer

Reduces hunger and is produced by adipose tissue

Question 14

Which of the following is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 15

Which of the following minerals is most associated with the prevention of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of denaturation of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The alteration of a protein's structure by heat, acid, or other disruptive agents, resulting in loss of function

Question 17

Which of the following is a major role of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 18

Which form of vitamin A is considered a provitamin and is found in orange and dark green vegetables?

Accepted Answer

Beta-carotene

Question 19

Which organ is the most metabolically active in the body, playing a central role in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why whole grains are preferred over refined grains for health?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains retain fiber, vitamins, and minerals that are lost during refining.

Comprehensive Study Guide: Principles of Nutrition (NFS 2323)

Study Guide - Practice Questions