Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis of one molecule of glucose?

$$\text{Glucose} + 2\,\text{ADP} + 2\,\text{P}_i \rightarrow 2\,\text{Pyruvate} + 2\,\text{ATP} + 2\,\text{NADH}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic reactions use ATP to build larger molecules from smaller ones, while catabolic reactions break down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

Question 2

During high-intensity exercise, which metabolic pathway is primarily responsible for the rapid production of ATP, and what is the main byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis in the cytosol; main byproduct is lactate.

Question 3

Which organ is the first to metabolize, store, and distribute nutrients after absorption, and why is this significant?

Accepted Answer

The liver; it converts monosaccharides, amino acids, glycerol, and fatty acids into new compounds, energy, or storage forms.

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis of one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 2\,	ext{ADP} + 2\,	ext{P}_i ightarrow 2\,	ext{Pyruvate} + 2\,	ext{ATP} + 2\,	ext{NADH}$$

Question 5

What is the fate of excess dietary protein when energy needs are met and glycogen stores are full?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to triglycerides and stored as fat.

Question 6

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the majority of ATP production in the cell, and where does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain; inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 7

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes is at risk for ketoacidosis. Which process leads to the accumulation of ketone bodies?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are converted to acetyl CoA, which accumulates and is converted to ketone bodies.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells rely exclusively on glucose for energy?

Accepted Answer

They lack mitochondria and can only perform anaerobic glycolysis.

Question 9

During prolonged fasting, which substrate does the brain increasingly use for energy, and what percentage of its fuel does this represent after three days?

Accepted Answer

Ketone bodies; 30%

Question 10

Which of the following statements about alcohol metabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is absorbed directly through the stomach and intestine and metabolized by the liver at a constant rate.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Cori cycle?

Accepted Answer

It converts lactate produced in muscles back to glucose in the liver.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of metabolic pathways for the complete aerobic oxidation of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA → TCA cycle → Electron transport chain

Question 13

Which of the following equations represents the conversion of pyruvate to lactate during anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Pyruvate} + 	ext{NADH} + 	ext{H}^+ ightarrow 	ext{Lactate} + 	ext{NAD}^+$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about creatine phosphate is correct?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate is a high-energy compound that can rapidly regenerate ATP in muscle cells.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why excess kilocalories from any macronutrient can lead to increased fat storage?

Accepted Answer

Excess kilocalories are converted to triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between the absorptive and postabsorptive states?

Accepted Answer

The absorptive state involves nutrient storage, while the postabsorptive state involves nutrient mobilization.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the electron transport chain in energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It uses high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 to generate a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of excessive alcohol consumption on liver metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Fat accumulation in the liver, which can lead to cirrhosis

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the TCA (Krebs) cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the mitochondria and generates NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain.

Energy Metabolism: Pathways and Regulation in Human Nutrition

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