Q: A food contains 10 grams of protein, 5 grams of fat, and 20 grams of carbohydrate. Using the standard energy values, calculate the total number of kilocalories in this food. (Protein: $$4\ \text{kcal/g}$$, Carbohydrate: $$4\ \text{kcal/g}$$, Fat: $$9\ \text{kcal/g})$$

$$10 \times 4 + 5 \times 9 + 20 \times 4 = 40 + 45 + 80 = 165\ \text{kcal}$$

Q: A food label states that a serving contains 8 grams of fat. How many kilocalories from fat does one serving provide? (Use $$9\ \text{kcal/g}$$ for fat)

$$8 \times 9 = 72\ \text{kcal}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between nutrition and food?

Accepted Answer

Nutrition is the science of how food affects the body, while food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support.

Question 2

A food contains 10 grams of protein, 5 grams of fat, and 20 grams of carbohydrate. Using the standard energy values, calculate the total number of kilocalories in this food. (Protein: $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, Carbohydrate: $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$, Fat: $$9\ 	ext{kcal/g})$$

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 4 + 5 	imes 9 + 20 	imes 4 = 40 + 45 + 80 = 165\ 	ext{kcal}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the six classes of nutrients essential for health?

Accepted Answer

Phytochemicals

Question 4

Which of the following statements about macronutrients and micronutrients is correct?

Accepted Answer

Macronutrients are needed in larger amounts and include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts and include vitamins and minerals.

Question 5

Which of the following is a credible source for nutritional information?

Accepted Answer

Peer-reviewed scientific journals

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of probiotics in the body?

Accepted Answer

They help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria, supporting digestion and immune function.

Question 7

Which of the following is a trace mineral?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 8

A food label states that a serving contains 8 grams of fat. How many kilocalories from fat does one serving provide? (Use $$9\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$ for fat)

Accepted Answer

$$8 	imes 9 = 72\ 	ext{kcal}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a component of a healthful diet?

Accepted Answer

Exclusively consuming one food group

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between appetite and hunger?

Accepted Answer

Hunger is a physiological need for food, while appetite is a psychological desire to eat.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of phytochemicals in the body?

Accepted Answer

They act as antioxidants and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct application of the scientific method in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

Formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment, collecting data, and drawing conclusions.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes epigenetics in the context of nutrition?

Accepted Answer

The study of how nutrients and other environmental factors can affect gene expression without changing DNA sequence.

Question 14

Which of the following is a major difference between vitamins and minerals?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are organic compounds, while minerals are inorganic elements.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Accepted Answer

They provide science-based advice to promote health and reduce risk of chronic diseases.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the pathway food takes through the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Rectum

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with celiac disease. Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Avoid all foods containing gluten, such as wheat, barley, and rye.

Question 18

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 19

Which of the following is a common cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between the MyPlate and the traditional Food Guide Pyramid?

Accepted Answer

MyPlate visually represents food groups as portions on a plate, while the Food Guide Pyramid uses a tiered structure.

Foundations of Nutrition: Key Concepts and Applications

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