Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integrates and processes information received from the peripheral nervous system, and initiates responses.

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for conducting impulses away from the cell body of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 3

Which type of glial cell forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

A patient presents with numerous benign tumors that began as nodules on Schwann cells. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Multiple neurofibromatosis

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the impaired nerve conduction seen in multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of myelin sheaths in central nerve fibers

Question 6

Which covering surrounds a group (fascicle) of nerve fibers within a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Perineurium

Question 7

In the patellar reflex arc, which neuron type directly synapses with the effector organ?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Question 8

During the transmission of a nerve impulse, what is the sequence of membrane events?

Accepted Answer

Polarization → Depolarization → Repolarization

Question 9

Saltatory conduction is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The jumping of impulses from one node of Ranvier to the next along myelinated axons.

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with motor control and is deficient in Parkinson disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 11

A nerve impulse is a self-propagating wave of electrical disturbance. Which equation best represents the change in membrane potential during depolarization?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{membrane} = V_{rest} + \Delta V_{Na^+}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of inflamed brain tissue

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons in a three-neuron reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Transmit impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons within the CNS

Question 14

Which equation best represents the propagation of a nerve impulse along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \frac{d}{t}$$, where $$v is $$velocity, $$d is $$distance, and $$t is $$time$

Question 15

Which structure is NOT part of a synapse?

Accepted Answer

Axon hillock

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Connects the CNS to the rest of the body via cranial and spinal nerves

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of spinal nerve pairs and vertebral segments?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{spinal} = N_{cervical} + N_{thoracic} + N_{lumbar} + N_{sacral} + N_{coccygeal}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter is released by cholinergic fibers in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Serves as the emergency or stress system, inducing the fight-or-flight response

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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