Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

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Multiple Choice

In the context of organic chemistry, which source of energy is utilized in the Calvin cycle?

ATP

NADH

GTP

FADH2

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the Calvin cycle: The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms. It is part of the process of photosynthesis and is responsible for converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose, using energy derived from light reactions.

Identify the energy sources involved: The Calvin cycle primarily utilizes ATP and NADPH as energy sources. These molecules are generated during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Differentiate between ATP and NADPH: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) provides the energy needed for the chemical reactions in the Calvin cycle, while NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) provides the reducing power necessary for the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

Consider other energy carriers: GTP (guanosine triphosphate) and FADH2 (flavin adenine dinucleotide) are not directly involved in the Calvin cycle. GTP is more commonly associated with protein synthesis and signal transduction, while FADH2 is involved in cellular respiration.

Conclude the energy sources for the Calvin cycle: Based on the understanding of the Calvin cycle, ATP and NADPH are the correct energy sources utilized in this process, while GTP and FADH2 are not relevant to the Calvin cycle.