Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Organic Chemistry

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

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6:35 minutes

Problem 30a,b,c

Textbook Question

Predict the products (if any) of the following acid–base reactions.
(a) acetic acid + ammonia
(b) phthalic acid + excess NaOH
(c) p-toluic acid + potassium trifluoroacetate

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the nature of acid-base reactions. Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of a proton (H⁺) from the acid to the base. Acids are proton donors, and bases are proton acceptors. Identify the acid and base in each reaction.

Step 2: For (a) acetic acid + ammonia: Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is a weak acid, and ammonia (NH₃) is a weak base. The reaction involves the transfer of a proton from acetic acid to ammonia, forming ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) and acetate ion (CH₃COO⁻). Write the balanced chemical equation:

{CH 3}_{COOH} + {NH}_{3} \to {CH}_{3} {COO}_{-} + {NH}_{4} +

Step 3: For (b) phthalic acid + excess NaOH: Phthalic acid is a diprotic acid (C₆H₄(COOH)₂). In the presence of excess NaOH, both acidic protons are neutralized, forming the disodium salt of phthalic acid (C₆H₄(COONa)₂) and water. Write the balanced chemical equation:

{C 6}_{H_{4} ({COOH}_{) 2}} + 2 {NaOH}_{\to} {C 6}_{H_{4} ({COONa}_{) 2} + 2 H_{2} O}

Step 4: For (c) p-toluic acid + potassium trifluoroacetate: p-Toluic acid (C₆H₄(CH₃)(COOH)) is a weak acid, and potassium trifluoroacetate (CF₃COOK) is a weak base. The reaction involves the transfer of a proton from p-toluic acid to trifluoroacetate ion (CF₃COO⁻), forming trifluoroacetic acid (CF₃COOH) and the potassium salt of p-toluic acid (C₆H₄(CH₃)(COOK)). Write the balanced chemical equation:

{C 6}_{H_{4} ({CH}_{3}) {COOH}_{)}} + {CF 3}_{{COOK}_{\to} {CF 3}_{{COOH}_{+} {C 6}_{H_{4} ({CH}_{3}) {COOK}_{)}}}}

Step 5: Verify the products for each reaction. Ensure that the acid donates a proton to the base, and the resulting conjugate acid and conjugate base are correctly identified. Confirm that the stoichiometry of each reaction is balanced.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Acid-Base Theory

Acid-base theory explains the behavior of acids and bases in chemical reactions. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, acids are proton donors while bases are proton acceptors. Understanding this concept is crucial for predicting the products of acid-base reactions, as it helps identify which species will donate or accept protons during the reaction.

Neutralization Reactions

Neutralization reactions occur when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In the context of the given question, recognizing that acetic acid and ammonia will form ammonium acetate, and phthalic acid with NaOH will yield a salt and water, is essential for predicting the products of these reactions.

Functional Groups and Reactivity

The reactivity of organic compounds is largely determined by their functional groups. For instance, carboxylic acids (like acetic and phthalic acid) can donate protons, while amines (like ammonia) can accept them. Understanding the specific functional groups involved in the reactions allows for accurate predictions of the products formed, such as the formation of salts or other derivatives.