Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting Patterns

Organic Chemistry

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting Patterns

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2:02 minutes

Problem 61b

Textbook Question

Draw the signal for the following multiplicities. What is the ratio of peaks within each signal?
(b) triplet

Verified step by step guidance

Understand that a triplet in NMR spectroscopy arises when a nucleus is coupled to two equivalent protons. This results in the splitting of the signal into three peaks.

Recall the n+1 rule, where n is the number of neighboring protons. For a triplet, n=2, so the signal is split into 3 peaks.

The ratio of the peaks in a triplet is determined by Pascal's triangle, which gives the coefficients for the binomial expansion. For a triplet, the ratio is 1:2:1.

Draw the triplet signal on an NMR spectrum. The central peak will be twice as tall as the outer peaks, reflecting the 1:2:1 ratio.

Label the peaks to indicate their relative intensities, ensuring the central peak is twice the height of the outer peaks, consistent with the 1:2:1 ratio.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

NMR Multiplicity

NMR multiplicity refers to the splitting of NMR signals into multiple peaks due to spin-spin coupling with neighboring non-equivalent protons. The number of peaks in a signal is determined by the n+1 rule, where n is the number of neighboring protons. Understanding multiplicity is crucial for interpreting NMR spectra and identifying molecular structures.

Triplet Signal

A triplet in NMR spectroscopy is a signal that splits into three peaks. This occurs when a proton is coupled with two equivalent neighboring protons. The intensity ratio of the peaks in a triplet is typically 1:2:1, reflecting the statistical likelihood of different spin states of the neighboring protons.

Pascal's Triangle

Pascal's Triangle is a mathematical tool used to determine the intensity ratios of peaks in NMR multiplets. Each row of the triangle corresponds to the coefficients of the binomial expansion, which represent the relative intensities of the peaks in a multiplet. For a triplet, the relevant row is 1:2:1, indicating the peak intensity distribution.

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Textbook Question

Predict the splitting pattern for each of the indicated hydrogens in Assessment 15.59.

(f)