During an oxidation reaction, there must also be a reduction. What is reduced in the Pinnick oxidation?

Which of the reactions studied in this chapter result in oxidation of the organic molecule? Justify your answer.

(d)

Identify each of the following reactions as an oxidation reaction, a reduction reaction, or neither.

a.

b.

Classify each reaction as an oxidation, a reduction, or neither.

(j)

(k)

(l)

Classify each reaction as an oxidation, a reduction, or neither.

(d)

(e)

(f)

Which of the following components can be present in a reducing atmosphere?

Which of the following molecules is the primary reducing agent in the Calvin cycle reactions?

Which of the following are the reduced forms of the electron carriers ${\mathrm{NAD}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{FAD}}^{+}$?

Which of the following are the two primary electron carriers involved in biological oxidation-reduction reactions?