Show how each of the following compounds can be prepared using the given starting material, any needed inorganic reagents, and any ­organic compound that has no more than four carbons:
b.

How can the following compounds be prepared using ethyne as the starting material?

c.

Show how each of the following compounds can be synthesized from the given starting materials:

b.

Suggest a method for synthesizing the following alkynes using an alkyne and an alkyl halide. [There are two correct answers for each product.]

(c)

When doing synthesis, you will often find yourself repeating the same series of steps. To see this in action, synthesize the following aldehydes beginning with an organic molecule containing three carbons or fewer.

(d)

Show how each of the following compounds can be synthesized from the given starting materials:

d.

Predict the products formed when CH₃CH₂–C≡C:^–Na⁺ reacts with the following compounds.

(d) cyclohexanone

(e) CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO

The application box in the margin of states, “The addition of an acetylide ion to a carbonyl group is used in the synthesis of ethchlorvynol, a drug used to cause drowsiness and induce sleep.” Show how you would accomplish this synthesis from acetylene and a carbonyl compound.

Show how the following compounds can be prepared, using ethyne as one of the starting materials:

1. 1-pentyn-3-ol