Textbook Question
Give the systematic names for all alkanes with molecular formula C7H16 that do not have any secondary hydrogens.
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Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure
Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 1)31
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)65
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry84
- Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure183
- Ch. 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space121
- Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics83
- Ch. 6 - The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions175
- Ch. 7 - The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis119
- Ch. 8 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene148
- Ch. 9 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides212
- Ch. 10 - Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds131
- Ch. 11 - Organometallic Compounds60
- Ch. 12 - Radicals90
- Ch. 13 - Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; UV/Vis Spectroscopy62
- Ch. 14 - NMR Spectroscopy95
- Ch. 15 - Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives123
- Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 17 - Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon101
- Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes144
- Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds49
- Ch. 20 - The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates80
- Ch. 21 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins57
- Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions35
- Ch. 23 - The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes—Compounds Derived from Vitamins1
- Ch. 28 - Pericyclic Reactions58
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Bruice 8th EditionCh. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and StructureProblem 67l
Bruice 8th EditionCh. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and StructureProblem 67lChapter 4, Problem 67l
A student was given the structural formulas of several compounds and was asked to give them systematic names. How many did the student name correctly? Correct those that are misnamed.
l. 2-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-hexanamine
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Analyze the given name '2-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-hexanamine' and identify the parent chain. The parent chain should be the longest continuous carbon chain containing the amine functional group (-NH2). In this case, the parent chain is hexane (6 carbons).
Step 2: Verify the substituents and their positions. The name suggests a methyl group at position 2, and two N-methyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom of the amine group. Confirm that these substituents are correctly placed on the parent chain.
Step 3: Check the position of the amine group. The amine group should be assigned the lowest possible number in the parent chain. In this case, the amine group is at position 4, as indicated in the name.
Step 4: Confirm the use of the 'N,N-' prefix. The 'N,N-' prefix is used to indicate that the substituents (methyl groups) are attached to the nitrogen atom rather than the carbon chain. Ensure this is consistent with the structure provided.
Step 5: Evaluate the overall name for correctness. If the structure matches the name '2-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-hexanamine,' then it is correct. If there are discrepancies, adjust the name to reflect the correct substituent positions and parent chain.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
IUPAC Nomenclature
IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides rules for identifying the structure of a compound based on its molecular formula and functional groups. Understanding the hierarchy of functional groups, substituents, and the importance of the longest carbon chain is essential for correctly naming compounds.
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The different parts of an IUPAC name
Functional Groups
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the context of amines, the presence of nitrogen atoms and their bonding arrangements significantly influence the naming and properties of the compound. Recognizing functional groups helps in determining the correct suffixes and prefixes in IUPAC names.
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Substituent Naming
Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. In the provided compound, '2-methyl' and 'N,N-dimethyl' are examples of substituents that must be correctly identified and named according to their position on the main carbon chain. Properly naming substituents is crucial for accurate systematic naming and understanding the compound's structure.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Draw skeletal structures for the following:
a. 5-ethyl-2-methyloctane
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Textbook Question
A student was given the structural formulas of several compounds and was asked to give them systematic names. How many did the student name correctly? Correct those that are misnamed.
k. 2-methyl-2-isopropylheptane
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Textbook Question
A student was given the structural formulas of several compounds and was asked to give them systematic names. How many did the student name correctly? Correct those that are misnamed.
g. 3,3-dichlorooctane
1000
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Textbook Question
Which of the following conformers has the highest energy (is the least stable)?
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Textbook Question
A student was given the structural formulas of several compounds and was asked to give them systematic names. How many did the student name correctly? Correct those that are misnamed.
h. 5-ethyl-2-methylhexane
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