Textbook Question
What is the molecular formula for each of the following?
b. a 10-carbon hydrocarbon with one bond and 2 rings
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Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 1)31
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)65
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry84
- Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure183
- Ch. 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space121
- Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics83
- Ch. 6 - The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions175
- Ch. 7 - The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis119
- Ch. 8 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene148
- Ch. 9 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides212
- Ch. 10 - Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds131
- Ch. 11 - Organometallic Compounds60
- Ch. 12 - Radicals90
- Ch. 13 - Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; UV/Vis Spectroscopy62
- Ch. 14 - NMR Spectroscopy95
- Ch. 15 - Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives123
- Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 17 - Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon101
- Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes144
- Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds49
- Ch. 20 - The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates80
- Ch. 21 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins57
- Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions35
- Ch. 23 - The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes—Compounds Derived from Vitamins1
- Ch. 28 - Pericyclic Reactions58
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Bruice 8th EditionCh. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and KineticsProblem 2a
Bruice 8th EditionCh. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and KineticsProblem 2aChapter 6, Problem 2a
What is the molecular formula for each of the following?
a. a 4-carbon hydrocarbon with two bonds and no rings
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the problem. The question asks for the molecular formula of a 4-carbon hydrocarbon with two π bonds and no rings. Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).
Step 2: Recall the general formula for an acyclic (non-cyclic) hydrocarbon with π bonds. Each π bond corresponds to a double or triple bond, which reduces the number of hydrogens in the molecule. The general formula for an alkene (a hydrocarbon with one double bond) is CₙH₂ₙ, and for each additional π bond, two hydrogens are removed.
Step 3: Determine the degree of unsaturation. A 4-carbon hydrocarbon with two π bonds has two degrees of unsaturation. This means the molecule will have fewer hydrogens than a fully saturated alkane (C₄H₁₀).
Step 4: Apply the formula for a hydrocarbon with two π bonds. Start with the saturated formula for 4 carbons (C₄H₁₀) and subtract 4 hydrogens (2 hydrogens for each π bond). This gives the molecular formula.
Step 5: Verify the molecular formula by ensuring it satisfies the conditions of the problem: 4 carbons, 2 π bonds, and no rings. Double-check the hydrogen count to confirm the formula is correct.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They can be classified into aliphatic (straight or branched chains) and aromatic (ring structures) categories. The simplest hydrocarbons are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, which differ in the types of bonds between carbon atoms—single, double, or triple bonds, respectively.
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Aromaticity of Hydrocarbons
Molecular Formula
The molecular formula of a compound indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule. For hydrocarbons, it is expressed as CnHm, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms and 'm' is the number of hydrogen atoms. Understanding how to derive the molecular formula from the structure is crucial for identifying the compound's properties and reactivity.
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Unsaturation and Double Bonds
Unsaturation refers to the presence of double or triple bonds in a hydrocarbon, which affects its molecular formula and reactivity. Each double bond reduces the number of hydrogen atoms that can be attached to the carbon skeleton. In the case of a hydrocarbon with two double bonds, the formula can be derived by subtracting the appropriate number of hydrogen atoms from the saturated alkane formula, CnH2n+2.
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