A single loop of wire with an area of 0.0900 m2 is in a uniform magnetic field that has an initial value of 3.80 T, is perpendicular to the plane of the loop, and is decreasing at a constant rate of 0.190 T/s. What emf is induced in this loop?
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30. Induction and Inductance
Faraday's Law
Problem 13
Textbook Question
FIGURE EX30.13 shows a 10-cm-diameter loop in three different magnetic fields. The loop's resistance is 0.20 Ω. For each, what are the size and direction of the induced current?




1
Step 1: Understand Faraday's Law of Induction, which states that the induced electromotive force (EMF) in a loop is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. The formula is: , where is the magnetic flux.
Step 2: Calculate the magnetic flux for each case. Magnetic flux is given by the formula: , where is the magnetic field strength, is the area of the loop, and is the angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the loop.
Step 3: Determine the rate of change of magnetic flux () for each scenario. If the magnetic field is changing, calculate the change in over time. If the field is constant, the induced EMF will be zero.
Step 4: Use Ohm's Law to calculate the induced current. The formula is: , where is the induced EMF and is the resistance of the loop (given as 0.20 Ω).
Step 5: Determine the direction of the induced current using Lenz's Law. Lenz's Law states that the induced current will flow in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux. Analyze the direction of the changing magnetic field in each case to determine the current's direction.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday's Law states that a change in magnetic flux through a loop induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the loop. The induced EMF is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux, which can occur due to a changing magnetic field or the movement of the loop within a magnetic field. This principle is fundamental for understanding how currents are generated in conductive loops.
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Faraday's Law
Lenz's Law
Lenz's Law provides the direction of the induced current resulting from electromagnetic induction. It states that the induced current will flow in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it. This law ensures the conservation of energy and helps predict the behavior of induced currents in various scenarios.
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Lenz's Law
Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law relates the voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in an electrical circuit, expressed as V = IR. In the context of induced currents, once the induced EMF is calculated using Faraday's Law, Ohm's Law can be used to determine the size of the current flowing through the loop by dividing the induced EMF by the loop's resistance.
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Resistance and Ohm's Law
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