A 2.0 cmΓ2.0 cm square loop of wire with resistance 0.010 Ξ© has one edge parallel to a long straight wire. The near edge of the loop is 1.0 cm from the wire. The current in the wire is increasing at the rate of 100 A/s. What is the current in the loop?
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30. Induction and Inductance
Faraday's Law
Problem 12
Textbook Question
(II) A circular wire loop of radius π = 12 cm is in a uniform magnetic field B = 0.400 T with its plane perpendicular to the direction of the field. If the field magnitude begins to decrease at a rate of -0.010 T/s, at what rate should π be increasing at this instant so that the induced emf within the loop is zero?

1
Step 1: Understand the problem. The induced emf in a loop is given by Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which states that the emf is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. To make the induced emf zero, the change in magnetic flux due to the decreasing magnetic field must be exactly canceled by the change in flux due to the increasing radius of the loop.
Step 2: Write the expression for magnetic flux through the loop. Magnetic flux (Ξ¦) is given by Ξ¦ = B Γ A, where B is the magnetic field strength and A is the area of the loop. The area of a circular loop is A = ΟπΒ², where π is the radius of the loop.
Step 3: Differentiate the magnetic flux with respect to time. Using the chain rule, dΞ¦/dt = d(B Γ ΟπΒ²)/dt = ΟπΒ²(dB/dt) + 2ΟπB(dπ/dt). Here, dB/dt is the rate of change of the magnetic field, and dπ/dt is the rate of change of the radius.
Step 4: Set the induced emf to zero. According to Faraday's law, emf = -dΞ¦/dt. For the emf to be zero, dΞ¦/dt must equal zero. This gives the equation: ΟπΒ²(dB/dt) + 2ΟπB(dπ/dt) = 0.
Step 5: Solve for dπ/dt. Rearrange the equation to isolate dπ/dt: dπ/dt = -(π(dB/dt))/(2B). Substitute the given values: π = 0.12 m, dB/dt = -0.010 T/s, and B = 0.400 T. This will give the rate at which the radius should increase to ensure the induced emf is zero.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday's Law states that a change in magnetic flux through a loop induces an electromotive force (emf) in the loop. The induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux, which depends on both the magnetic field strength and the area of the loop. If the magnetic field decreases, the induced emf will be positive if the area is constant, leading to a current that opposes the change.
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Magnetic Flux
Magnetic flux is defined as the product of the magnetic field strength and the area through which the field lines pass, taking into account the angle between the field and the normal to the surface. For a circular loop, the magnetic flux can be calculated as Ξ¦ = B * A, where A is the area of the loop. As the radius of the loop changes, the area and thus the magnetic flux will also change, affecting the induced emf.
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Induced EMF and Loop Area Relationship
The induced emf in a loop can be influenced by changes in both the magnetic field and the area of the loop. To maintain zero induced emf while the magnetic field decreases, the area of the loop must increase at a specific rate. This relationship is crucial for determining how fast the radius of the loop must grow to counterbalance the decreasing magnetic field, ensuring that the total magnetic flux remains constant.
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