Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between obsessions and compulsions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Accepted Answer

Obsessions are unwanted, persistent thoughts, while compulsions are ritualistic behaviors performed to reduce anxiety.

Question 2

A student avoids eating in the cafeteria to prevent being judged by others. This behavior is most characteristic of which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Question 3

Which brain circuit is most implicated in the compulsive behaviors seen in OCD?

Accepted Answer

Orbitofrontal Cortex \u003e Basal Ganglia \u003e Thalamus

Question 4

Which of the following is a key feature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Accepted Answer

Persistent, hard-to-control anxiety about everyday events

Question 5

A person who believes that their failures are due to their own unchangeable flaws and that these failures will affect all areas of their life is demonstrating which explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

Internalizing, Stabilizing, Globalizing

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter system is most directly targeted by SSRIs in the treatment of depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin (5-HT)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia results from abnormal brain development influenced by prenatal and adolescent factors.

Question 8

Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations

Question 9

A person with agoraphobia is most likely to avoid which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

Going to crowded public places where escape might be difficult

Question 10

Which brain structure is most associated with the regulation of the stress response and is often overactive in anxiety and depressive disorders?

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Question 11

Which of the following best describes anhedonia, a symptom often seen in major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities

Question 12

Which of the following is a common comorbidity with anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Question 13

A person who experiences a sudden, intense episode of fear accompanied by physical symptoms such as heart palpitations and shortness of breath is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A panic attack

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a type of specific phobia?

Accepted Answer

Fear of being judged in social situations

Question 15

Which of the following brain changes is most commonly observed in individuals with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Enlarged ventricles

Question 16

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of rumination in depression?

Accepted Answer

Constantly thinking about one’s failures and problems without taking action

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a negative symptom in schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Withdrawing from social interactions and showing little emotional expression

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the hippocampus in depression?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the HPA axis and is involved in neurogenesis, which is reduced in depression.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for the increased risk of schizophrenia in individuals with a family history of the disorder?

Accepted Answer

Genetic factors significantly increase the risk, as shown by higher rates in monozygotic twins.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the amygdala and the HPA axis in mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

The amygdala activates the HPA axis, leading to increased cortisol release during stress.

Psychological Disorders II: Anxiety, OCD, Mood Disorders, and Schizophrenia

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