Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Four Directions Model as used in Swampy Cree justice traditions?

Accepted Answer

A holistic framework that integrates mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual realms in addressing justice and healing.

Question 2

According to the study materials, what is a key difference between Western and Indigenous perspectives on crime?

Accepted Answer

Western perspectives view crime as an offense against the state, while Indigenous perspectives see it as harm between individuals and communities.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an indicator of institutional racism as described by Fleras and Elliott (2003)?

Accepted Answer

Racism is only present in individual attitudes and not in societal structures.

Question 4

What is the main distinction between racial prejudice and institutional racism?

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism requires a power base to enforce prejudice, while racial prejudice does not.

Question 5

Which historical policy confined Indigenous peoples to reserves and required them to obtain a pass to leave?

Accepted Answer

The Pass System

Question 6

What is the 'precarity penalty' as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

The accumulated disadvantages of precarious employment, including lower income, job insecurity, and negative impacts on health and relationships.

Question 7

Based on the bar graph provided, which group had the highest rate of involuntary part-time work in 1997?

Accepted Answer

Both sexes aged 15 to 24

Question 8

Which of the following is a consequence of precarious employment at the individual level?

Accepted Answer

Delayed family formation and increased social isolation.

Question 9

Which sector has seen a significant increase in part-time and temporary work, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Information, culture, and recreation services

Question 10

What is the main purpose of restorative justice in the Swampy Cree tradition?

Accepted Answer

To restore balance and heal relationships among the victim, offender, and community.

Question 11

Which group is most likely to be precariously employed in Canada, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Women, especially visible minority and recent immigrant women

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the feminization of employment norms?

Accepted Answer

The erosion of the standard employment relationship and the spread of precarious work conditions traditionally experienced by women.

Question 13

What is a common misconception about women’s overrepresentation in part-time work?

Accepted Answer

It is solely due to women’s personal preference for flexible work arrangements.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the standard employment relationship (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Temporary, casual, or contract-based work

Question 15

How does the Swampy Cree approach to justice differ from the Western punitive model?

Accepted Answer

It emphasizes healing, restoration, and community involvement rather than punishment.

Question 16

Which of the following is a policy initiative aimed at reducing the precarity penalty in Ontario?

Accepted Answer

The Fair Workplace and Better Jobs Act (Bill 148)

Question 17

What is deskilling, as it relates to precarious employment?

Accepted Answer

The gradual loss of skills due to lack of training or reliance on automation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct impact of colonization on Indigenous justice systems?

Accepted Answer

The suppression and marginalization of Indigenous laws and ceremonies.

Question 19

According to the study materials, why do employers increasingly prefer temporary or contract workers?

Accepted Answer

It is less costly as employers do not have to provide benefits or job security.

Question 20

Which of the following is a goal of the 'Fight for Fifteen' movement?

Accepted Answer

To secure equal pay, benefits, and working conditions for all workers regardless of employment status.

Crime, Deviance, Institutional Racism, and Precarity: Indigenous and Sociological Perspectives

Study Guide - Practice Questions