Question 1

Which of the following best describes the 'social gradient' in health as discussed in the context of income and health in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Lower income is consistently associated with poorer health outcomes, forming a gradient from richest to poorest.

Question 2

According to the Lorenz curve and Gini index, which formula correctly calculates the Gini coefficient?

Accepted Answer

$$G = \frac{A}{A+B}$$

Question 3

Based on the pie charts showing the distribution of market income in Canada from 1980 to 2021, what trend is most evident?

Accepted Answer

The richest quintile's share of total income has increased, indicating growing inequality.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which precarious work negatively affects health?

Accepted Answer

Greater access to health benefits

Question 5

In the context of Bartley’s models of health inequities, which model emphasizes the direct impact of income on access to resources such as housing and healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Materialist model

Question 6

Referencing the bar graph comparing lung cancer incidence rates by income quintile, what does the data suggest?

Accepted Answer

Lung cancer incidence is significantly higher in the lowest income quintile.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains 'lifestyle drift' in public health policy?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing social causes of risk but intervening only at the individual level.

Question 8

According to the Esping-Andersen welfare state typology, which type of welfare regime is most associated with higher job and social security?

Accepted Answer

Social democratic

Question 9

Which of the following statements about income measurement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Neighbourhood income is the average income across a geographic area.

Question 10

What is the main limitation of focusing only on downstream interventions to address health inequities?

Accepted Answer

They create the illusion of progress without changing upstream determinants.

Question 11

Which group in Canada is most likely to experience poverty and poor health outcomes, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Indigenous peoples and racialized persons

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct effect of income insecurity on health?

Accepted Answer

Financial strain leading to mental health issues

Question 13

Based on the distribution of Canadians’ wealth in 2019, what proportion of total wealth is held by the richest 10%?

Accepted Answer

33%

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between employment type and health outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Secure, full-time employment is associated with the best health outcomes.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a form of labour market security described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle security

Question 16

A higher Gini index value indicates:

Accepted Answer

Greater income inequality

Question 17

Which of the following is a key policy implication for reducing health inequities, as discussed in the materials?

Accepted Answer

Co-creating policies with equity-deserving groups

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why women and racialized workers are disproportionately affected by income insecurity?

Accepted Answer

They are concentrated in low-wage jobs with less access to benefits.

Question 19

Which of the following is a limitation of using personal income as the sole measure of economic status?

Accepted Answer

It does not account for household or neighbourhood resources.

Question 20

According to the study materials, what is the principal pathway by which precarious employment leads to adverse health outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Stress

Income Inequality, Work Precarity, and Health: Social Determinants in Canada

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