Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between 'equality' and 'equity' as depicted in the third image (the baseball game and boxes)?

Accepted Answer

Equality means everyone receives the same resources, while equity means resources are distributed based on individual need.

Question 2

According to the Social Determinants of Health Framework (Box 1.2), which of the following is NOT considered a social determinant of health?

Accepted Answer

Race

Question 3

The cartoon about 'pulling people out of the river' (second image) is best used to illustrate which concept in public health?

Accepted Answer

The importance of addressing upstream social determinants rather than only treating downstream health problems.

Question 4

Which framework emphasizes that health inequalities are shaped by how societies allocate resources and invest in public goods?

Accepted Answer

Neo-materialist framework

Question 5

Based on Table 1.2, which country ranks best overall on social determinants of health and child well-being among Finland, Canada, and the US?

Accepted Answer

Finland

Question 6

The concept of 'allostatic load' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The cumulative wear and tear on the body from chronic stress.

Question 7

Which of the following is a criticism of the social comparison perspective on health inequalities?

Accepted Answer

It may overemphasize perceptions and underemphasize material disadvantage.

Question 8

According to the materialist framework, which of the following best explains the health gradient shown in the fourth image ('The Health Gradient')?

Accepted Answer

Stepwise differences in material conditions such as income, housing, and education lead to corresponding differences in health outcomes.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a 'latent effect' in the lifecourse perspective?

Accepted Answer

Poor prenatal nutrition leading to lifelong organ vulnerabilities.

Question 10

Based on the data in Figure 1.1, which cause accounts for the highest percentage of premature years of life lost in urban Canada (1996)?

Accepted Answer

Neoplasms

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the 'double burden' faced by women as a structural inequity?

Accepted Answer

Women often perform both paid employment and unpaid caregiving/domestic work, increasing stress and reducing independence.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key recommendation from UNICEF for improving child well-being?

Accepted Answer

Tackling inequalities through targeted investment.

Question 13

According to the political economy framework, what is a likely consequence of market-driven policies and reduced public resources?

Accepted Answer

Increased material deprivation and chronic stress among disadvantaged groups.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a 'social location' as defined in the Social Determinants of Health Framework?

Accepted Answer

Immigrant status

Question 15

If a country invests heavily in public education, universal health care, and social safety nets, which framework would best explain the expected improvement in population health?

Accepted Answer

Neo-materialist framework

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a 'cumulative effect' in the lifecourse perspective?

Accepted Answer

Years of insecure, low-wage jobs leading to chronic disease, even if circumstances improve later.

Question 17

Based on Table 1.1, which disease shows the highest relative risk (RR) of dying for poor men compared to wealthy men in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct policy implication of the 'upstream' approach to health (as shown in the river cartoon)?

Accepted Answer

Addressing root causes such as poverty, housing, and education to prevent health problems before they occur.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why Finland consistently ranks high in child well-being and social determinants of health?

Accepted Answer

Strong public investment in social supports and universal benefits.

Social Determinants of Health: Mechanisms, Pathways, and Inequality

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