In Exercises 1–8, use the given vectors to find v⋅w and v⋅v. v = 3i + j, w = i + 3j
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Identify the components of the vectors \( \mathbf{v} = 3\mathbf{i} + \mathbf{j} \) and \( \mathbf{w} = \mathbf{i} + 3\mathbf{j} \). Here, \( \mathbf{v} = (3, 1) \) and \( \mathbf{w} = (1, 3) \).
Recall the formula for the dot product of two vectors \( \mathbf{a} = (a_1, a_2) \) and \( \mathbf{b} = (b_1, b_2) \):
\[ \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{b} = a_1 b_1 + a_2 b_2 \]
Calculate \( \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w} \) by multiplying corresponding components and adding the results:
\[ \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w} = 3 \times 1 + 1 \times 3 \]
Recall that \( \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{v} \) is the dot product of \( \mathbf{v} \) with itself, which gives the square of its magnitude:
\[ \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{v} = 3 \times 3 + 1 \times 1 \]
Evaluate the sums from steps 3 and 4 to find the values of \( \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w} \) and \( \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{v} \) respectively.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Dot Product of Vectors
The dot product is an algebraic operation that takes two vectors and returns a scalar. It is calculated by multiplying corresponding components of the vectors and summing the results. For vectors v = (v1, v2) and w = (w1, w2), the dot product is v⋅w = v1w1 + v2w2.
Vectors in two dimensions are often expressed in terms of unit vectors i and j, representing the x and y directions respectively. For example, v = 3i + j means the vector has components (3, 1). Understanding this notation is essential for performing operations like the dot product.
The dot product is commutative, meaning v⋅w = w⋅v, and distributive over vector addition. Also, the dot product of a vector with itself, v⋅v, gives the square of its magnitude, which is useful for finding vector lengths and angles between vectors.