In Exercises 37–40, an object moves in simple harmonic motion described by the given equation, where t is measured in seconds and d in inches. In each exercise, graph one period of the equation. Then find the following: a. the maximum displacement b. the frequency c. the time required for one cycle d. the phase shift of the motion. d = 3 cos(πt + π/2)
Table of contents
- 0. Review of College Algebra4h 45m
- 1. Measuring Angles40m
- 2. Trigonometric Functions on Right Triangles2h 5m
- 3. Unit Circle1h 19m
- 4. Graphing Trigonometric Functions1h 19m
- 5. Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Basic Trigonometric Equations1h 41m
- 6. Trigonometric Identities and More Equations2h 34m
- 7. Non-Right Triangles1h 38m
- 8. Vectors2h 25m
- 9. Polar Equations2h 5m
- 10. Parametric Equations1h 6m
- 11. Graphing Complex Numbers1h 7m
4. Graphing Trigonometric Functions
Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions
Problem 23
Textbook Question
In Exercises 17–30, determine the amplitude, period, and phase shift of each function. Then graph one period of the function. y = 1/2 sin(x + π/2)
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the general form of the sine function: \(y = A \sin(B(x - C))\), where \(A\) is the amplitude, \(\frac{2\pi}{B}\) is the period, and \(C\) is the phase shift.
Rewrite the given function \(y = \frac{1}{2} \sin(x + \frac{\pi}{2})\) in the form \(y = A \sin(B(x - C))\). Notice that \(x + \frac{\pi}{2}\) can be written as \(x - (-\frac{\pi}{2})\), so \(C = -\frac{\pi}{2}\).
Determine the amplitude \(A\) by looking at the coefficient in front of the sine function. Here, \(A = \frac{1}{2}\), which means the graph oscillates between \(\frac{1}{2}\) and \(-\frac{1}{2}\).
Find the period by identifying \(B\). Since the function is \(\sin(x)\), \(B = 1\), so the period is \(\frac{2\pi}{B} = 2\pi\).
Determine the phase shift \(C\), which is \(-\frac{\pi}{2}\). This means the graph is shifted to the left by \(\frac{\pi}{2}\). Use this information to sketch one full period of the sine wave starting at \(x = -\frac{\pi}{2}\).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Amplitude of a Trigonometric Function
Amplitude is the maximum absolute value of a sine or cosine function, representing the height from the midline to the peak. For y = (1/2) sin(x + π/2), the amplitude is 1/2, indicating the wave oscillates between -1/2 and 1/2.
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Period of a Sine Function
The period is the length of one complete cycle of the sine wave, calculated as 2π divided by the coefficient of x inside the function. Since the coefficient of x is 1 here, the period is 2π, meaning the function repeats every 2π units.
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Phase Shift in Trigonometric Functions
Phase shift is the horizontal translation of the graph, determined by solving inside the function for zero. For y = (1/2) sin(x + π/2), the phase shift is -π/2, meaning the graph shifts π/2 units to the left.
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