In Exercises 35–42, determine the amplitude and period of each function. Then graph one period of the function. y = -4 cos 1/2 x
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4. Graphing Trigonometric Functions
Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions
Problem 49
Textbook Question
In Exercises 43–52, determine the amplitude, period, and phase shift of each function. Then graph one period of the function. y = −3 cos (2x − π/2)
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the general form of the cosine function: \(y = A \cos(Bx - C)\), where \(A\) is the amplitude, \(B\) affects the period, and \(C\) relates to the phase shift.
Determine the amplitude by taking the absolute value of the coefficient in front of the cosine: \(\text{Amplitude} = |A| = |-3|\).
Calculate the period using the formula \(\text{Period} = \frac{2\pi}{|B|}\), where \(B\) is the coefficient of \(x\) inside the cosine function. Here, \(B = 2\).
Find the phase shift by solving \(Bx - C = 0\) for \(x\), which gives \(x = \frac{C}{B}\). In this case, \(C = \frac{\pi}{2}\), so the phase shift is \(\frac{\pi/2}{2}\).
Use the amplitude, period, and phase shift to sketch one full cycle of the function, starting at the phase shift and extending one period length along the \(x\)-axis.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Amplitude of a Trigonometric Function
Amplitude is the maximum absolute value of the function's output, representing the height from the midline to the peak. For functions like y = a cos(bx + c), the amplitude is |a|. In this question, the amplitude is the absolute value of -3, which is 3.
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Period of a Trigonometric Function
The period is the length of one complete cycle of the function. For y = cos(bx + c), the period is calculated as 2π divided by |b|. Here, with b = 2, the period is 2π/2 = π, meaning the function repeats every π units.
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Phase Shift of a Trigonometric Function
Phase shift is the horizontal translation of the function, determined by solving bx + c = 0 for x. It is given by -c/b. In this function, with c = -π/2 and b = 2, the phase shift is (π/2)/2 = π/4 to the right.
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