Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System

Anatomy & Physiology

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true of autonomic innervation of effectors?

Somatic motor neurons innervate all autonomic effectors.

Autonomic innervation only affects skeletal muscles.

Autonomic effectors are only innervated by the sympathetic division.

Most effectors receive dual innervation from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of autonomic innervation. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls involuntary functions and is divided into two main branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions work together to regulate the activity of effectors such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Step 2: Clarify the role of somatic motor neurons. Somatic motor neurons are part of the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. They do not innervate autonomic effectors, which are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

Step 3: Examine the statement about autonomic innervation affecting skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscles are not autonomic effectors; they are controlled by the somatic nervous system. Autonomic innervation primarily affects smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Step 4: Analyze the claim that autonomic effectors are only innervated by the sympathetic division. This is incorrect because most autonomic effectors receive dual innervation, meaning they are influenced by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions often have opposing effects to maintain homeostasis.

Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is: 'Most effectors receive dual innervation from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.' This reflects the cooperative and antagonistic roles of the two divisions in regulating autonomic functions.