Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Introduction to Cellular Respiration

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Introduction to Cellular Respiration

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Multiple Choice

Why are protons (H+) pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane during the electron transport chain?

To create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis

To increase the pH inside the mitochondrial matrix

To transport electrons directly to oxygen

To directly produce ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration, which is to transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and to couple this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Recognize that the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane creates an electrochemical gradient, also known as the proton motive force. This gradient is essential for ATP synthesis.

Identify that the primary purpose of pumping protons across the membrane is to create a proton gradient. This gradient is used by ATP synthase, an enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Note that the increase in proton concentration in the intermembrane space (and decrease in the mitochondrial matrix) results in a lower pH in the intermembrane space compared to the matrix, but the main goal is not to increase pH inside the matrix.

Clarify that the protons do not directly transport electrons to oxygen nor directly produce ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. Instead, they facilitate ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation, driven by the proton gradient.