Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Electron Transport Chain

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Electron Transport Chain

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Multiple Choice

Why must the electron transport chain proteins and molecules be embedded in a membrane?

To prevent the leakage of ATP into the cytoplasm.

To allow direct transfer of electrons to oxygen.

To facilitate the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.

To create a proton gradient necessary for ATP synthesis.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration. The ETC is a series of protein complexes and molecules located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that facilitate the transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions.

Recognize the importance of the membrane in the ETC. The inner mitochondrial membrane is crucial because it provides a barrier that allows for the establishment of a proton gradient across the membrane.

Learn how the proton gradient is created. As electrons move through the ETC, protons (H⁺ ions) are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a concentration gradient.

Understand the role of the proton gradient in ATP synthesis. The gradient represents potential energy, which is used by ATP synthase, an enzyme embedded in the membrane, to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate as protons flow back into the matrix.

Recognize why the membrane is essential for this process. Without the membrane, the proton gradient could not be maintained, and ATP synthesis would be inefficient or impossible, highlighting the necessity of the ETC proteins and molecules being embedded in a membrane.