Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

25. The Urinary System

Renal Physiology: Overview

Anatomy & Physiology

25. The Urinary System

Renal Physiology: Overview

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Multiple Choice

Which two substances are most commonly used to determine a patient's glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Albumin and hemoglobin

Inulin and creatinine

Glucose and urea

Sodium and potassium

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of glomerular filtration rate (GFR): GFR is a measure of how well the kidneys filter blood, specifically the rate at which substances are cleared from the plasma by the glomeruli in the kidneys.

Identify the characteristics of substances used to measure GFR: These substances must be freely filtered by the glomeruli, not reabsorbed or secreted by the renal tubules, and must remain stable in the bloodstream during the test.

Review the options provided: Albumin and hemoglobin are proteins that are not freely filtered by the glomeruli. Glucose and urea are reabsorbed by the renal tubules, and sodium and potassium are actively regulated by the kidneys. These substances do not meet the criteria for measuring GFR.

Focus on inulin and creatinine: Inulin is an exogenous substance (introduced into the body) that is ideal for measuring GFR because it is freely filtered and not reabsorbed or secreted. Creatinine is an endogenous substance (produced by the body) that is commonly used in clinical settings to estimate GFR, though it is slightly secreted by the tubules.

Conclude that inulin and creatinine are the correct substances for determining GFR, as they meet the necessary criteria for accurate measurement of kidney filtration efficiency.