Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

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Multiple Choice

What type of hormones use second messengers in a cascade of reactions that trigger a cell response?

Lipid-soluble hormones

Peptide hormones

Thyroid hormones

Steroid hormones

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the nature of peptide hormones: Peptide hormones are composed of amino acids and are generally water-soluble, which means they cannot pass through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.

Recognize the mechanism of action: Since peptide hormones cannot enter the cell directly, they bind to specific receptors on the cell surface.

Identify the role of second messengers: Upon binding to the receptor, peptide hormones activate a cascade of intracellular reactions involving second messengers such as cyclic AMP (cAMP), inositol triphosphate (IP3), or calcium ions.

Explore the cascade effect: The activation of second messengers leads to a series of enzymatic reactions within the cell, amplifying the signal and resulting in a specific cellular response.

Differentiate from other hormone types: Unlike peptide hormones, lipid-soluble hormones like steroid and thyroid hormones can pass through the cell membrane and directly affect gene expression without the need for second messengers.