Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

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Multiple Choice

How does a nonsteroid hormone effect change in a target cell?

By binding to a receptor on the cell membrane and activating a second messenger system.

By entering the cell and directly altering DNA transcription.

By directly interacting with the cell's mitochondria to alter energy production.

By diffusing through the cell membrane and binding to intracellular receptors.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the nature of nonsteroid hormones: Nonsteroid hormones are typically water-soluble and cannot pass through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.

Identify the mechanism of action: Nonsteroid hormones bind to specific receptors located on the surface of the target cell's membrane.

Explore the role of second messengers: Once the hormone binds to the receptor, it activates a second messenger system inside the cell. Common second messengers include cyclic AMP (cAMP), calcium ions, and inositol triphosphate (IP3).

Examine the effects of second messengers: The second messengers amplify the signal and initiate a cascade of biochemical reactions within the cell, leading to changes in cellular activity.

Consider the implications: This mechanism allows nonsteroid hormones to exert their effects without entering the cell, contrasting with steroid hormones that typically enter the cell and directly influence gene transcription.