Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

25. The Urinary System

Introduction to the Urinary System

Anatomy & Physiology

25. The Urinary System

Introduction to the Urinary System

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Multiple Choice

The macula densa cells continuously monitor ______ in the tubular fluid.

sodium chloride concentration

glucose levels

oxygen saturation

amino acid content

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the role of macula densa cells. These specialized cells are located in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron and are part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Their primary function is to monitor the composition of tubular fluid and regulate kidney function.

Step 2: Recall the physiological importance of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration in the kidney. Sodium chloride levels in the tubular fluid are critical for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as for regulating blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options based on the function of macula densa cells. Glucose levels, oxygen saturation, and amino acid content are not directly monitored by macula densa cells. These parameters are regulated by other mechanisms in the body.

Step 4: Focus on the correct answer, sodium chloride concentration. Macula densa cells detect changes in NaCl concentration in the tubular fluid and signal the juxtaglomerular cells to adjust renin secretion accordingly.

Step 5: Reinforce the concept by understanding the broader context. The macula densa's ability to monitor NaCl concentration is essential for autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and maintaining homeostasis in the body.