Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Hormone Review Table

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Hormone Review Table

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1:58 minutes

Problem 3

Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply. Which of the following hormones is (are) secreted by neurons?
a. Oxytocin
b. Insulin
c. ADH
d. Cortisol

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the question: The problem asks which hormones are secreted by neurons. Hormones secreted by neurons are typically produced by neuroendocrine cells, which release hormones directly into the bloodstream in response to neural signals.

Review the options: Analyze each hormone listed (Oxytocin, Insulin, ADH, Cortisol) and determine whether it is secreted by neurons or other types of cells.

Step 3: Oxytocin and ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) are secreted by neurons in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland for release into the bloodstream. These are examples of neurohormones.

Step 4: Insulin is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas, which are not neurons but endocrine cells. Therefore, insulin is not secreted by neurons.

Step 5: Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex, which is stimulated by the pituitary hormone ACTH. Cortisol is produced by endocrine cells, not neurons.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Neurohormones

Neurohormones are hormones that are produced and secreted by neurons. They are released into the bloodstream and can affect distant target organs. Examples include oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which play crucial roles in various physiological processes such as water balance and social bonding.

Endocrine System

The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones regulate numerous bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and mood. Unlike neurohormones, hormones like insulin and cortisol are secreted by specific glands (pancreas and adrenal glands, respectively) rather than neurons.

Hormonal Functions

Hormones are chemical messengers that coordinate various physiological processes in the body. Each hormone has specific functions; for instance, oxytocin is involved in childbirth and lactation, while cortisol helps manage stress and metabolism. Understanding the roles of these hormones is essential for recognizing their effects on health and behavior.

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More than one choice may apply.

Hormones that regulate mineral (salt) levels include

a. Calcitonin

b. Aldosterone

c. Atrial natriuretic peptide

d. Glucagon

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More than one choice may apply.

Which of the following is given as a drug to reduce inflammation?

a. Epinephrine

b. Cortisol

c. Aldosterone

d. ADH

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Two hormones are closely involved in the regulation of the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. Name them, and explain their effects on their common target organ.

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Textbook Question

The anterior pituitary is often referred to as the master endocrine gland, but it too has a 'master.' What controls the release of hormones by the anterior pituitary?

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Textbook Question

The major stimulus for the release of parathyroid hormone is:

a. Hormonal

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