Effects of aldosterone include:
a. Increase in sodium io...

Question

Effects of aldosterone include:

a. Increase in sodium ion excretion

b. Increase in water retention

c. Increase in potassium ion concentration in the urine

d. Higher blood pressure

Accepted Answer

Welcome back everyone. Which of the following statements regarding the effects of high aldosterone concentration is correct. A most of the remaining sodium ions are actively excreted in the distal convoluted tubules and the collecting ducts or b most of these remaining sodium ions are actively reabsorbed in those tubules and ducts. C aldosterone concentration has no effect on the reabsorption of sodium ions or d high aldosterone concentration leads to increased sodium excretion through the urine. So let's begin by recalling facts about high aldosterone concentration beginning with the fact that aldosterone is a renal gland hormone. Let's recall that it regulates sodium ion and potassium ion balance in the body. And when there is a high concentration of aldosterone that promotes then the reabsorption of sodium ions which would lead to a retention of these ions. And then it also promotes the excretion of potassium ions. Recall that following the retention of sodium ions, there will be an increase in blood and recall that that increase in blood volume circulating within the body will lead to a rise in blood pressure. Since that volume, high volume of blood will stretch the blood vessels. And therefore the heart will have to work harder to pump the larger volume of blood throughout the circulatory system. Let's also include the following general sketch of the kidney nephron. So I'm going to paste in the following outline and let's make that a bit smaller actually. So this is our outline of the nephron of the kidney. And we're going to begin by drawing surrounding this kidney nephron, a structure known as the peritubular capillaries. So I will represent that by the following black outline surrounding our nephron sketch. And again, this is the, we label it as the para tubular capillaries. Now, we're also, we are also going to label the different parts of the kidney Nephron beginning on the rightmost portion of my sketch where we have this duct which has these tree branches on it where it appears as tree branches. We will label that duct as the collecting duct of the kidney Nephron. And before the collecting duct, we're then going to label this curved portion of the nephron, this curved tubule as the distal convoluted tubule. Before the distal convoluted tubule, we have another curved duct which we will label as Henley's loop. And before Henley's loop in the uppermost portion of our sketch, we have this circular structure which I will label as the glomeruli and then connected to the glomeruli, we have two ducts, one which will pertain to wastes and blood, which are excreted. And then the second, which would pertain to just blood without wastes that is being excreted. And last, we're going to label a indication of the reabsorption of sodium ions by drawing an arrow from our tubules of the Nephron. So starting with Henley's loop, we would draw an arrow going from that loop towards the per peritubular capillaries. And then we're going to write the letter R to indicate reabsorption of sodium ions. We will also do that on the other side of Henley's loop. And then we're going to begin at the distal convoluted tubule where from the tubule bebble drawn arrow going towards the para tubular capillary. And we will write the letter R next to that to indicate again the reabsorption of sodium ion along with an arrow from the collecting duct toward the para tubular capillary to indicate again the reabsorption of sodium ions. So with all of this outlined of our Nephron, going to our answer choices in choice. A it states that most of the remaining sodium ions are actively excreted. We want to correct the word excreted to reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubules and the collecting ducts. And since we had to make a correction to choice, A, we would rule it out from our choices. Then B most of the remaining sodium ions are actively reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubules and the collecting ducts that matches what we described in our outlines. So B looks like a great answer. C high aldosterone concentration has no effect on the reabsorption of sodium ions. This is incorrect because as we outlined high aldosterone concentration which regulates sodium ion bounds in the body would lead to an increased reabsorption and therefore retention of sodium ion in the body. So it does have an effect on sodium ions. And for that reason, we would rule out choice c then D high aldosterone concentration leads to increased sodium excretion through the urine. We want to correct this because as we stated, it should lead to increased sodium retention. And so D we had to correct. So we would rule it out as an answer. And so that allows us to confirm that choice. B most of the remaining sodium ions are actively reabsorbed in the distal consoled tubules and the collecting ducts as the only final and correct answer to complete this example, which confirms the effects of high aldosterone concentration in the nephron and body. I hope that this made sense and let us know if you have any questions.

Effects of aldosterone include:
a. Increase in sodium ion excretion
b. Increase in water retention
c. Increase in potassium ion concentration in the urine
d. Higher blood pressure

Key Concepts

Aldosterone Function

Sodium and Water Balance

Potassium Regulation

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