18. The Heart

Describe how heart contraction and relaxation influence coronary blood flow

Name the major branches of the coronary arteries, and note the heart regions served by each

Freshly oxygenated blood is first received by the:

a. Right atrium

b. Left atrium

c. Right ventricle

d. Left ventricle

The sequence of contraction of the heart chambers is:

a. Random

b. Left chambers followed by right chambers

c. Both atria followed by both ventricles

d. Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

When the semilunar valves are open, which of the following are occurring?

(1) Coronary arteries fill

(2) AV valves are closed

(3) Ventricles are in systole

(4) Ventricles are in diastole

(5) Blood enters the aorta

(6) Blood enters pulmonary arteries

(7) Atria contract

a. 2, 3, 5, 6

b. 1, 2, 3, 7

c. 1, 3, 5, 6

d. 2, 4, 5, 7

Mrs. Hamad, a middle-aged woman, is admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of left ventricular failure resulting from a myocardial infarction. Her chart indicates that she was awakened in the middle of the night by severe chest pain. Her skin is pale and cold, and moist sounds of pulmonary edema are heard over the lower regions of both lungs. Explain how failure of the left ventricle might cause these signs and symptoms.

What are the valves in the heart, and what is the function of each?

More than one choice may apply.

Soon after the onset of ventricular systole, the

a. AV valves close.

b. semilunar valves open.

c. first heart sound is heard.

d. aortic pressure increases.

The pericardial cavity is located between:

a. The parietal pericardium and the fibrous pericardium.

b. The fibrous pericardium and the myocardium.

c. The parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium.

d. The epicardium and the endocardium.

Which of the following statements is true?

a. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

b. The mitral valve is located between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium.

c. The pulmonary valve is located between the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary veins.

d. The aortic valve is located between the right ventricle and the aorta.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The heart consists of two superior ventricles and two inferior atria.

A birth defect called transposition of great vessels results in the pulmonary trunk emanating from the left ventricle and the aorta stemming from the right ventricle.

Which ventricle is thicker-walled, and why?

As Cara worked at her dissection, she became frustrated that several of the structures she had to learn about had more than one common name. Provide another name for each of these structures:

a. Atrioventricular groove

b. Tricuspid valve

c. Bicuspid valve (give two synonyms)

d. Atrioventricular bundle

The chordae tendineae:

a. The atrioventricular valves

b. Prevent the AV valve flaps from everting

c. Contract the papillary muscles

d. Open the semilunar valves

The fact that the left ventricular wall is thicker than the right reveals that it:

a. Pumps a greater volume of blood

b. Pumps blood against greater resistance

c. Expands the thoracic cage

d. Pumps blood through a smaller valve

More than one choice may apply.

Which heart chamber pumps blood with the greatest amount of force?

a. Right atrium

b. Right ventricle

c. Left atrium

d. Left ventricle