21. The Immune System

What seven defenses, present at birth, provide the body with the defensive capability known as innate (nonspecific) immunity?

Injured tissue releases chemicals called______ that mediate the four cardinal signs of inflammation, which are _____, ______,_____ , and_______.

Capillary permeability increases and plasma proteins leak into the interstitial fluid as part of the inflammatory process. Why is this desirable?

The most beneficial effect of fever is that it

(a) Inhibits the spread of some bacteria and viruses

(b) Increases the metabolic rate by up to 10 percent

(c) Stimulates the release of pyrogens

(d) Achieves a and b

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Phagocytic cells of innate immunity include NK cells and basophils.

More than one choice may apply.

Chemical mediators of inflammation include

a. Interferon

b. Complement

c. Histamine

d. Antibodies

Defensin antimicrobial peptides kill microbes by:

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Fever is generated by pyrogens that reset the temperature set point of the hypothalamus to a lower value.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Neutrophils are a critical component of the response to a parasitic infection.

All of the following are chemical defenses against microbial infection except which of these answers?

What property of antimicrobial peptide allows them to disrupt bacterial cell surfaces?