21. The Immune System

Antibodies released by plasma cells are involved in:

a. Humoral immunity

b. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions

c. Autoimmune disorders

d. All of the above

An investigator at a crime scene discovers some body fluid on the victim's clothing. The investigator carefully takes a sample and sends it to the crime lab for analysis. On the basis of the analysis of antibodies, could the crime lab determine whether the sample is blood plasma or semen? Explain.

How do antibodies help defend the body?

Which of the following are two of the secondary lymphoid organs?

An anesthesia technician is advised that she should be vaccinated against hepatitis B, which is caused by a virus. She is given one injection and is told to come back for a second injection in a month and a third injection after 6 months. Why is this series of injections necessary?

Which of the following is not a role of T_H cells?

a. Stimulation of macrophages

b. Activation of naïve T_C cells

c. Stimulation of naïve B cells

d. Stimulation of clonal selection

Explain how active immunity and passive immunity differ.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct is to make a true statement.

Subunit vaccines consist of pathogens that are alive but unable to cause disease.

What major advantage is conveyed by having a system of adaptive immunity?

Which antibody class is abundant in body secretions?

a. IgA

b. IgD

c. IgE

d. IgG

e. IgM

The specificity of an antibody is determined by the

(a) Fixed segment

(b) Antigenic determinants

(c) Variable region

(d) Size of the antibody

(e) Antibody class

Give one example of each type of immunity: innate immunity, naturally acquired active immunity, artificially acquired active immunity, artificially acquired passive immunity, and naturally acquired passive immunity.

Cytotoxic T cells are primarily involved in ____________.