BackDeana is a 4-year-old girl with a rare genetic defect that causes the Na+/glucose symporters in the proximal tubule to reabsorb fewer glucose and sodium ions than normal. Predict the effects this defect will have on the composition and volume of Deana's urine. Explain why you would expect to see increased activity of the tubuloglomerular feedback and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in Deana's kidneys.
If a freshly voided urine sample contains excessive amounts of urochrome, it has
a. An ammonia-like odor
b. A pH below normal
c. A dark yellow color
d. A pH above normal
The lowest blood concentration of nitrogenous waste occurs in the
a. Hepatic vein
b. Inferior vena cava
c. Renal artery
d. Renal vein
Mr. Yao is a patient with kidney disease who presents to your clinic for monitoring. You notice on his chart that his GFR was estimated through inulin administration to be about 35 ml/min. What does this tell you about the health of his kidneys? Mr. Yao is taking a medication that is normally excreted from the body in the urine. You order blood work and find that the concentration of this medication in his plasma is much higher than normal. How does his decreased GFR explain the elevated level of medication in his plasma?
Mannitol is a sugar that is filtered, but not reabsorbed, by the kidneys. What effect would drinking a solution of mannitol have on the volume of urine produced?
How are proteins excluded from filtrate? Why is this important?
Changing the luminal diameters of the afferent and efferent arterioles to alter the GFR can be an example of
(a) Hormonal regulation
(b) Autonomic regulation
(c) Autoregulation
(d) All of these
What interacting controls stabilize the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
In a normal kidney, which of the following conditions would cause an increase in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
(a) Constriction of the afferent arteriole
(b) A decrease in the pressure of the glomerulus
(c) An increase in the capsular hydrostatic pressure
(d) A decrease in the concentration of plasma proteins in the blood
(e) A decrease in the net glomerular filtration process