Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?
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4. Protein Structure
Primary Structure of Protein
Multiple Choice
In the context of the primary structure of a protein, what ultimately determines the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide?
A
The nucleotide sequence of the gene (DNA) that is transcribed into mRNA and translated by the ribosome
B
Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation
C
The pattern of hydrogen bonding that forms -helices and -sheets
D
The interaction of side chains that stabilizes tertiary structure through hydrophobic effects
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that the primary structure of a protein refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
Recognize that this amino acid sequence is directly determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the gene (DNA) that encodes the protein.
Recall the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated by the ribosome to assemble amino acids in the correct order.
Note that post-translational modifications, hydrogen bonding patterns, and side chain interactions affect higher levels of protein structure (secondary, tertiary, quaternary) but do not determine the primary amino acid sequence.
Therefore, the ultimate determinant of the amino acid sequence in a polypeptide is the nucleotide sequence of the gene that is transcribed and translated.
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