Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

12. Biosignaling

Insulin

Biochemistry

12. Biosignaling

Insulin

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Multiple Choice

Which genetically engineered hormone is commonly used to control blood glucose levels in humans?

Insulin

Glucagon

Epinephrine

Cortisol

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by understanding the role of each hormone listed in the problem. Insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol are all involved in metabolic regulation, but their specific functions differ.

Step 2: Recall that insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Its primary function is to lower blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells and stimulating glycogen synthesis.

Step 3: Contrast insulin with glucagon, which is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas. Glucagon raises blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver.

Step 4: Consider epinephrine and cortisol. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is a stress hormone that increases blood glucose levels during 'fight or flight' responses, while cortisol is a steroid hormone that also raises blood glucose levels during prolonged stress by promoting gluconeogenesis.

Step 5: Conclude that the genetically engineered hormone commonly used to control blood glucose levels in humans is insulin, as it directly lowers blood glucose and is used therapeutically in conditions like diabetes.