Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

12. Biosignaling

Insulin

Biochemistry

12. Biosignaling

Insulin

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the main effects of insulin?

It increases blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis.

It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

It inhibits protein synthesis and promotes lipolysis.

It promotes glucose uptake by cells and stimulates glycogen synthesis.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of insulin: Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels. Its primary function is to lower blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells and stimulating anabolic processes.

Analyze the incorrect options: The first option states that insulin increases blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis. This is incorrect because gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, which is typically stimulated by glucagon, not insulin.

Evaluate the second incorrect option: The second option claims that insulin stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver. This process, known as glycogenolysis, is also stimulated by glucagon and inhibited by insulin, making this option incorrect.

Review the third incorrect option: The third option suggests that insulin inhibits protein synthesis and promotes lipolysis. In reality, insulin promotes protein synthesis and inhibits lipolysis (fat breakdown), as it is an anabolic hormone.

Confirm the correct answer: The correct answer is that insulin promotes glucose uptake by cells (especially muscle and adipose tissue) and stimulates glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle. This aligns with insulin's role in lowering blood glucose levels and supporting energy storage.