Multiple Choice
The hormone insulin can function as a(n) ________________.
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12. Biosignaling
Insulin
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What is the primary function of insulin in the human body?
A
To increase the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver
B
To lower blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells
C
To stimulate the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue
D
To inhibit protein synthesis in muscle cells
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of insulin: Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Its primary function is to regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, particularly muscle and fat cells.
Clarify the mechanism of glucose uptake: Insulin binds to insulin receptors on the surface of target cells, triggering a signaling cascade that promotes the translocation of glucose transporter proteins (such as GLUT4) to the cell membrane. This allows glucose to enter the cells from the bloodstream.
Differentiate insulin's effects on glycogen metabolism: Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle cells by activating enzymes like glycogen synthase. It does not increase the breakdown of glycogen into glucose; instead, it inhibits glycogenolysis (the breakdown of glycogen).
Address insulin's role in fat metabolism: Insulin inhibits lipolysis (the breakdown of fats) in adipose tissue and promotes the storage of fatty acids as triglycerides. It does not stimulate the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.
Discuss insulin's effect on protein synthesis: Insulin promotes protein synthesis in muscle cells by stimulating amino acid uptake and inhibiting protein degradation. It does not inhibit protein synthesis in muscle cells.
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