Multiple Choice
Which nitrogenous base is present in adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
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3. Amino Acids
Amino Acid Groups
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Which two functional groups are present in all standard amino acids?
A
Aldehyde group (\(-CHO\)) and amino group (\(-NH_2\))
B
Hydroxyl group (\(-OH\)) and methyl group (\(-CH_3\))
C
Amino group (\(-NH_2\)) and carboxyl group (\(-COOH\))
D
Sulfhydryl group (\(-SH\)) and carboxyl group (\(-COOH\))
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the structure of standard amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and share a common structure consisting of a central carbon atom (called the alpha carbon) bonded to four groups: an amino group (
), a carboxyl group (
), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain (R group).
Step 2: Analyze the functional groups listed in the problem. The options include various functional groups such as aldehyde (
), hydroxyl (
), methyl (
), sulfhydryl (
), amino (
), and carboxyl (
).
Step 3: Recall that all standard amino acids contain both an amino group (
) and a carboxyl group (
) as part of their basic structure. These two functional groups are essential for the formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis.
Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options. For example, aldehyde (
) and hydroxyl (
) groups are not universally present in all amino acids. Similarly, sulfhydryl (
) is specific to cysteine and not found in all amino acids.
Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is the amino group (
) and carboxyl group (
), as these are the two functional groups present in all standard amino acids.
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