Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Proteins

Biochemistry

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Proteins

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following levels of protein structure is primarily stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone amide and carbonyl groups?

Secondary structure

Primary structure

Quaternary structure

Tertiary structure

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the four levels of protein structure: Primary structure refers to the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Secondary structure involves local folding patterns such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets, stabilized by hydrogen bonds. Tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of a single polypeptide, and quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains.

Focus on the secondary structure: This level of protein structure is characterized by regular patterns of folding, such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets, which are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the backbone amide (NH) and carbonyl (C=O) groups.

Examine the role of hydrogen bonds: In secondary structure, hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group (C=O) and the hydrogen atom of the amide group (NH) in the polypeptide backbone. These bonds are responsible for maintaining the structure of alpha-helices and beta-sheets.

Compare the stabilization mechanisms of other levels: Primary structure is stabilized by covalent peptide bonds, tertiary structure is stabilized by interactions such as hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, and disulfide bridges, and quaternary structure is stabilized by interactions between polypeptide subunits.

Conclude that secondary structure is the correct answer: Based on the stabilization mechanism described, hydrogen bonds between backbone amide and carbonyl groups are specific to secondary structure.