Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Nucleic Acids

Biochemistry

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Nucleic Acids

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Multiple Choice

The strong negative charges of DNA come from which of the following groups?

Hydroxyl groups

Nitrogenous bases

Deoxyribose sugars

Phosphate groups

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of DNA: DNA is composed of nucleotides, each consisting of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Recognize the role of phosphate groups: Phosphate groups are part of the DNA backbone and are negatively charged due to the presence of oxygen atoms bonded to phosphorus, which can lose protons (H⁺) in aqueous solutions.

Eliminate incorrect options: Hydroxyl groups are present in the sugar but do not contribute strong negative charges. Nitrogenous bases are involved in base pairing but are not negatively charged. Deoxyribose sugars are neutral and do not contribute to the negative charge.

Focus on the phosphate groups: The negative charges of DNA arise specifically from the phosphate groups in the backbone, which are ionized under physiological conditions.

Conclude: The strong negative charges of DNA come from the phosphate groups, which are essential for the molecule's structural integrity and interactions with positively charged molecules like histones.